Some of these differences should be regarded as pseudo-changes in the genetic code due to the phenomenon of , which is common in mitochondria.
Unlike the outer membrane, the inner membrane does not contain porins, and is highly impermeable to all molecules.
Stress, sedentary lifestyles, free-radical damage, and exposure to infections, allergens, and toxins can all cause our energy-generation network to falter.
But transmission of Ca 2+ is not unidirectional; rather, it is a two-way street.
They increase the surface area of the membrane, therefore increasing the space available for chemical reactions.
A tune-up for mitochondria Researchers suspect that super-efficient mitochondria age their hosts much more gracefully.